See trial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "trial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "trier<t:to try such as in a court of law>",
"4": "-al",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld French trier\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nOld French trial\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"trial\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"trial\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trier",
"3": "al",
"gloss1": "to try such as in a court of law"
},
"expansion": "trier (“to try such as in a court of law”) + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld French trier\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nOld French trial\ntrier (“to try such as in a court of law”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trial oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "triaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "triax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trials",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "triaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "triax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trials",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trial",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "trial oblique singular, m (oblique plural triaus or triax or trials, nominative singular triaus or triax or trials, nominative plural trial)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "fro:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trial (legal procedure)"
],
"id": "en-trial-fro-noun-B7FYBL3j",
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "trial"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "trial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "trier<t:to try such as in a court of law>",
"4": "-al",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld French trier\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nOld French trial\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"trial\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"trial\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trier",
"3": "al",
"gloss1": "to try such as in a court of law"
},
"expansion": "trier (“to try such as in a court of law”) + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld French trier\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nOld French trial\ntrier (“to try such as in a court of law”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trial oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "triaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "triax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trials",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "triaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "triax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trials",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trial",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "trial oblique singular, m (oblique plural triaus or triax or trials, nominative singular triaus or triax or trials, nominative plural trial)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries referencing missing etymons",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Old French terms suffixed with -al",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"fro:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"trial (legal procedure)"
],
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "trial"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trial meaning in Old French (3.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'trial oblique singular or', originally 'trial oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"trial"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "trial",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'trial oblique singular or', originally 'trial oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"trial"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "trial",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'trial oblique singular or' in 'trial oblique singular, m (oblique plural triaus or triax or trials, nominative singular triaus or triax or trials, nominative plural trial)'",
"path": [
"trial"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "trial",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.